Unfortunately for Henry, his reign was short. Henry experienced success on the battlefield, beating Conrad in the Battle of Nidda. Raspe betrayed the emperor, siding with the pope, and was elected king in opposition to the boy he had earlier sworn to protect, Conrad. In 1242, Frederick II selected Henry Raspe, Landgrave of Thuringia, and King Wencelaus of Bohemia as protectors of Germany until his young son Conrad was ready for the task.Ī papal ban against Emperor Frederick was issued three years later. Let’s go back to the battles between the Church and the emperor.
KONRAD VON HOCHSTADEN FREE
But Cologne would not officially have its freedom from the Church until 1475 when it was declared a Free Imperial City. After this, the archbishops of Cologne would no longer reside within the city walls. Unfortunately for Engelbert, he supported the losing side, and rather than continue his fight for Cologne, he abandoned it for his palaces in Bruhl and Bonn.Ī league of German nobles defeated Engelbert’s successor, Siegfried of Westerburg, at the Battle of Worringen in 1288. Meanwhile, Cologne gave way to violent battles between the wealthy families of Cologne. He died two years later, and when his successor, Engelbert II, tried to fortify one of the city’s towers, he was arrested and imprisoned by the Count of Julich for little over a year for violating the terms of the Great Arbitration. After which, he tried unsuccessfully to pit the craftsman against the patricians in order to gain favor. This event is referred to as the Great Arbitration. Hostilities grew, so a theologian and scholar by the name of Albertus Magnus was brought in to help bring the people of Cologne and the archbishop to peace. We certainly see this when examining the life of Konrad von Hochstaden, who was archbishop of Cologne from 1238 to 1261.Īlbertus Magnus (fresco, 1352, Treviso, Italy) One might argue that these kingmakers were even more powerful than the king himself. The archbishop of Cologne was one of these prince electorates. As I mentioned above, by the thirteenth century seven prince electorates-made up of four secular nobles and three church officials-ultimately decided who took the title of King of the Romans. While inheritance often played a role in electing the King of the Romans and the Holy Roman Emperor, these were not strictly inherited positions. Although, the amount of power each emperor actually wielded varied throughout medieval history and depended on several factors. Typically when a Holy Roman Emperor died, the pope promoted the King of Romans to take the emperor’s place, which essentially made the newly crowned Holy Roman Emperor the official ruler of Central Europe. In a nutshell, prince electorates selected a nobleman to fill the position of king. These were the titles used during Hochstaden’s lifetime. This map of Europe shows the political boundaries under Hohenstaufen rule.īeginning in the tenth century, the king of the Holy Roman Empire was called King of the Romans and, later, King of the Germans.
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